About the Patients’ Vital Informations Free Essays

The male patients being managed for the situation is a multi year old male who is hitched. He has been accounted for to have been associated with drinking since he was 16 years old. It could be noticed that during those years, he built up a specific degree of resilience with the impact of liquor upon his physical framework. We will compose a custom exposition test on About the Patients’ Vital Informations or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Inside those long stretches of resistance, liquor became medication like wellspring of his smoothness. He asserts in his portrayal of his encounters that he has regularly been liquor ward to the alcohol that he drinks until his resistance developed significantly more fragile that he turned out to be tremendously associated with drinking during parties. He conceded hosting to drink three rounds during gatherings afterwards on in the first part of the day, he would in any case need to have another beverage after awakening to hold his sense back to typical for his activity. From the outset, the reality of his resilience towards the issue has not been perceived without a moment's delay. Nonetheless, in spite of the fact that he denied telling the doctors with respects his spending out on occasion, a few memory issues from time to time, having hepatitis ailment, and furthermore having a decreased sexual drive, it can't be denied that as the long periods of resistance delayed, his capacity to play out his obligations to his family and his significant other just as his duties in the activity precisely lessened too. Despite the fact that he kept denying the way that there are as of now changes occurring inside his own conduct, the side effects turned out to be increasingly more evident that it previously influenced his own connections and his notoriety for being an individual, doubtlessly as far as his expert life as he proceeds as an official in a designing organization. It is verifiable that his own changes should have been concentrated on. Thus, he went to a 28-day in-understanding liquor recovery process and later on proceeded with a multi month AA treatment. He was additionally given a sedative by a doctor; in any case, on account of dread of being depended in the medication, he would not take the medicine given to him. It could be noted through his portrayal of his past encounters and the movement that he especially appears with respects his circumstance demonstrates that he is very trying to claim ignorance of the way that he is now having an incredible resistance with alcohol consumption. This impact upon his own conduct could be noted to have inconvenient impacts with his own dealings. This is the motivation behind why it is significant that the said individual be given help through expert assistance. The facts may prove that he is to be sure willfully ignorant, yet through cautious help, it is obvious that the procedure could in any case be effective for both the advisor and the patient himself. The most effective method to refer to About the Patients’ Vital Informations, Papers

Critical Response

The senior undertaking I decided to do, was to contend in the John Muir Woods Marathon. I chose to run this long distance race since running has consistently been an enthusiasm of mine, and I needed to take it to the following level and contend in an official long distance race. In preparing for the long distance race, I learned self-restraint, perseverance, and how to have endurance. I likewise realized, that a long distance race (26. 2 miles) is significantly longer than it really appears! I had the option to raise an aggregate of $336. 0 towards the Danny Zabicki Foundation. Running a long distance race was both the hardest, yet most compensating thing I have ever done in my life. In spite of the fact that I realized that it would be a long course, it kept going significantly longer than I had foreseen, and I was certainly not expecting such a large number of steps and slopes in the run. I realized that the race would comprise of 4,400 feet of climbing and diving, however until I really began running the course, that number didn’t mean a lot to me. We will compose a custom paper test on Reflection on Running a Marathon or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page After the initial three miles, I was completely mindful of what 4,400 feet if climbing and sliding involved. It’s still too early to tell on the off chance that I could ever run another long distance race. Nonetheless, I have no second thoughts in doing as such. My loved ones tagged along to help me, and I had the option to see them at each check point for support. It was additionally compensating that I could have ever envisioned. To finish it off, I was really ready to run for a reason, which made it even more important to me.

All these days I spend away

All these days I spend away BREAKING NEWS: Stu Schmill 86 Named New Dean of Admissions go wish him congratulations! Shockingly, MIT does occasionally grant its students reprieve and respite from the constant deluge of problem sets, essays, and tests so commonly found throughout the dread halls of the Institute. These beautiful, glorious lulls come in a variety of flavors, ranging from ever-welcome three-day weekends to (most beloved of all) the month of relatively controlled insanity known as Independent Activities Period. As holidays go, Id say Spring Break falls somewhere in the high middle end of the spectrum. On the one hand, its an entire week without any class. But on the other hand, most professors still expect us to put in a reasonable amount of effort over the break. (Kind of like high school. Yeah, its sad.) Im not sure if my situation is representative of the MIT populace as a whole, but I have some amount of work to do or to get a head-start on in four of my five classes (the only class without any actual assignments is 5.12). For the past few days, though, Ive mostly been enjoying myself. I am, by the by, back home in South Bend. I use the word home somewhat hesitantly, becausewell, yes, South Bend certainly is my hometown. I was born here, I spent eighteen amazing years here. My house is here, as are my parents and all my siblings. Ive spent the past three nights in my own bed, in my own room, and it certainly still feels like home. But on one level, Ive come to realize South Bend is only really my second home now. My home-away-from-home, as it were. My real home, as strange as it sounds, is MIT. I didnt expect that to happen. Last year, if youd told me I would be writing these words, I probably would have just laughed you off. MIT, home? I would have told you that those words dont even belong in the same paragraph, let alone the same sentence. But its actually true. And in the long runI wouldnt want it to be any other way. I think this is part of the reason MIT gets so excited about Campus Preview Weekend. And when I say MIT, I dont just mean the Admissions Department and the other administrators in charge of planning CPW, I mean that the entire campus comes together to make CPW as enjoyable and awesome an experience as it possibly can be. Sure, maybe we complain a lot about how ridiculously challenging MIT is, about how hosed we all are all the timebut, paradoxically enough, were also ridiculously proud of our school, of the communities, cultures, and student groups we have helped create and CPW is our chance to show those off to you, to show you what MIT means to us. And, even more importantly, its your chance to discover if you really want to become part of MIT part of our culture, our communities, our traditionsin a word, our home. Because maybe, someday, MIT will be your home too.

Abortion A Controversial Debate - 888 Words

Abortion is a highly debated and controversial topic within the United States. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. When you have an abortion, you decimate the life of a fetus in the womb prior to delivery. There were 5,013 abortions in the state of Oklahoma alone in 2013. In the same year, there were approximately, collectively in the United States, 983,000 total abortions performed. In addition, there have been almost 60 million abortions performed in the United States since Roe vs. Wade court case. Abortion has been practiced since the ancient times, but have only recently been the center of popular debates. There are two sides to abortion. There are pro life advocates and pro choice advocates. People who support Pro life are against abortion and believe that life begins at conception, whereas, pro choice supporters believe that the choice of abortion, whether the mother just wants it or whether she needs it in order to save her life, should be made and kept confidential between the mother and her doctor. The main argument for pro life is that abortion is the murder of a defenseless, human life. While pro choice, on the other hand, says that abortion should be a woman’s right to decipher whether or not she wants to have her baby. The constitution protects women’s rights to privacy, therefore, she can have the choice of either delivering the baby or terminating her pregnancy. Abortion has gone through every level of our judiciary system. It hasShow MoreRelatedAbortion : A Controversial Debate874 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion There truly is not a more controversial or passionate debate as the one on abortion. This issue is completely unique due to the firm line between groups that support or are against it. Whichever side a person finds themselves on, usually for many reasons, it becomes a fierce and firm position that will not waiver. In this case I am glad that people are so passionate, a human life is at stake. This subject should bring great feelings and beliefs up. I would be completely sickened if abortionRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Debate1305 Words   |  6 PagesAbortions continue to be a controversial topic for not only the American people, but the congress as well. Republicans argue their views on why the American people should not be forced to pay taxes that will directly go to abortions procedures, and Democrats continue to rebut. This controversial debate revolves directly around Planned Parenthood. GOP continues to push the ban on federal funds allotted to this particular organizat ion, due to its involvement in abortions and alleged tissue and stemRead MoreThe Controversial Debate Of Abortion2790 Words   |  12 Pagesthat affect women’s lives are controversial and met with extreme opposition, one of these being the topic of abortion. Abortion has been a controversial topic throughout history but was not criminalized in western society until 1821.The first known abortion practices by the Egyptians were recorded as early as 1550 BC in Ebers Papyrus, an Egyptian medical text that hypothesized that certain plant fibers covered with honey and dates could induce an abortion. Abortion practices were also common inRead MoreAbortion Controversial Debate Essay1753 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been a perplexing and controversial debate throughout time. There are many articles and philosophers who state their strong polarized opinions on whether it is ethical to have an abortion. Some people believe that abortion is morally unacceptable and under no circumstances will it ever be acceptable. On the contrary, other people believe that a woman should have the right to choose whether she wants to continue with the pregnancy, especially under certain conditions. In â€Å"A Defense ofRead MoreAbortion: A Heated Debate an d Hot Topic in the United States Essay1256 Words   |  6 Pagesheated debates within the United States. These debates are always a hot topic and very controversial issues. Due to how controversial they are, is why they become such largely debated topics with many people having very different views on the specific topic. For example, there is a Democratic and Republican party in the United States; people either stick with one side or the other due to their beliefs and sometimes can be neutral or on the other party’s side for certain topics. Abortion is a veryRead MoreAbortion And The Second Presidential Debate Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pageschosen to write about abortion and its role in the third presidential debate of 2016. To begin, we need to understand abortion and how it is received in the United States before we try to understand how the current candidates addressed abortion. Abortion has been a hot button topic in the United States since Roe vs. Wade in 1973 when cr iminalizing abortion was considered unconstitutional under the Due Process clause of the 14th amendment. This trial created a nationwide debate on not only the legalizationRead MoreThe Debate on Abortion Laws in the United States 1256 Words   |  5 Pagesof heated debates within the United States. These debates area always a hot topic and very controversial issues. Due to how controversial they are is why they become such largely debated topics with many people having very different views on the specific topic. For example there is a Democratic and Republican party in the United States people either stick with one side or the other due to their beliefs and sometimes can be neutral or on the other party’s side for certain topics. Abortion is a veryRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Abortion771 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is one of the biggest controversial debates in society. Abortion is the termination of a human pregnancy. It can lead to many complications for a lot of pe ople. It can also have long term effects emotionally on the mother, father, and family after the abortion is complete. It is very common today because many young women get pregnant at such a young age and believe that they are not capable of having a child. Abortion has always been a common debate usually based on beliefs of individualsRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Topic Around The Globe940 Words   |  4 Pages Abortion is a highly controversial topic around the globe, mostly because of the moral issues it brings forward based on people’s philosophies and religion. A significant part of the population, called pro-life, consider abortion as murdering a living child and hence, are against abortion. Another group of people, called pro-choice, believe that the parents, particularly women, have the choice to do anything with their body and have the right to decide whether or not to keep the child. They mayRead MoreAbortion In The United States Is A Major Topic Of Debate121 8 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion in the United States is a major topic of debate in United States politics. People today frequently hear the terms pro-choice and pro-life, which represent the liberal and conservative views on this issue, respectively. First made illegal in the late 1800s, the federal government did not rule that abortion was legal again until the Roe vs. Wade Supreme Court decision in 1973. Despite this ruling, citizens still fight for women’s ability to terminate their pregnancies as they face legislature

The Economics of the South and the Civil War Essay examples

Introduction Most people believe the Civil War was fought only over slavery and for abolition. Because of the speech Abraham Lincoln gave â€Å"The emancipation Proclamation,† it looks like the Civil War was a war about the morals of the nation. A war could not be stopped from happening once the Compromise of 1850 happened. The South was frantic to keep slavery going. Their whole economy was bases around the economics of slavery. The North did not realize that there was more than freeing the slaves to do with the war. The economics of the south was free labor caused by slavery. The black slave was a God sent for the Southern states in that it allowed them to make a great profit off their crops. William Freehling said, â€Å"Posterity thinks†¦show more content†¦In about 1613, the South’s crop was tobacco. (Morrison 52) Tabaco was a great crop and made the plantation owner lots of money with slave labor. The slaves were was not allowed education or good working c onditions. Some of them were taught to cook, carpentry, but most were agriculture workers. The slaves were a possession, of the Plantation owner, like land, a house, a dog, or a horse. At first, they chose Indentured servants, who were poor whites who could not afford to be on their own. They worked for the Plantation for a number of years and then got their freedom. Usually the indentured servant was still poor after they were set free. He usually was not paid for any of his services. Nevertheless, the plantation owners needed a lot more slaves than poor whites. Therefore, they picked the American Indian to be slaves, and they were not good workers. They were always getting sick and dying from small pox or other diseases brought over by the Europeans. The American Indians were not large by body size, and did not work well under all that heat. They knew the land, so they just ran away and went back to their tribe. When this did not work out the Southerner has, started ge tting their slaves from the Dutch. These were slaves from the West Indies and Africa. These Negro slaves were larger than the American Indian and were immune to Malaria and small pox. This new slave was a good match for the southern climate and with the invention of theShow MoreRelatedEconomic Issues Between the North and South Causing the Civil War900 Words   |  4 PagesWhen examining the events that took place during the Civil War, there is a great misconception regarding the reason for military engagement. Many believe that it was due to the attempt to release the slaves from the South in order to grant them the same freedom and rights as any white person, but this was not the case. In actuality, the war had less to do with slavery, and more to do with the union of the states. During the time of the civil war, the states that were a part of the United States wereRead MoreWhy the North Won the Civil War by David Donald: Reflection on the economic, military, diplomatic, polit ical, and social reasons the South lost.1314 Words   |  6 PagesWhy the North Won the Civil War Historians have argued inconclusively for years over the prime reason for Confederate defeat in the Civil War. The book Why the North Won the Civil War outlines five of the most agreed upon causes of Southern defeat, each written by a highly esteemed American historian. The author of each essay does acknowledge and discuss the views of the other authors. However, each author also goes on to explain their botheration and disagreement with their opposition. The purposeRead MoreThe American Civil War981 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War was one of the major events in history that helped develop America to what it is today. Many people think that the American Civil War was fought over the issue of slavery alone, but in reality it was caused by many disagreements and events between the northern free states and southern slave states that occurred prior to the war. Monetary alterations were one of the main reasons the North and South had many conflicts and differences in beliefs. The Civil War was an inevitableRead MoreWhat Caused The American Civil War1634 Words   |  7 PagesWhat caused the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865? There has been several different debates and disputes about the causes of the American Civil War. Historians have stated slavery was the primary cause of the American Civil War, while other historians have argued there were other causes and effects in conjunction with slavery. Research has shown all historians did agree upon the division between the North, known as the Union, and the South, known as the Confederacy, battled on the soil of theRead MoreThe Second American Revolution901 Words   |  4 PagesThe Second American Revolution Thesis Statement â€Å"The Civil War may also be termed as the second American Revolution in terms of the political, social and economic changes that occurred during the war† Introduction American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865. The war began because President Abraham Lincoln, elected in 1860, was very persistent on preserving the Union, which was threatened by the issue of slavery. The North was growing rapidly in wealth and population, and it was clearRead MoreThe Second American Revolution891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Second American Revolution Thesis Statement â€Å"The Civil War may also be termed as the second American Revolution in terms of the political, social and economic changes that occurred during the war† Introduction American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865. The war began because President Abraham Lincoln, elected in 1860, was very persistent on preserving the Union, which was threatened by the issue of slavery. The North was growing rapidly in wealth and population, and it was clear toRead MoreFrederick Douglass : The Cause Of The American Civil War998 Words   |  4 PagesIn April 1861, the Un-united States of America went to war against each other leading to the death of 600,000 Americans. This tragic period is known as the American Civil War. Although slavery was an overarching issue in American politics, the cause of the Civil War was rooted in social, political and economic disagreements. One of the contributing factors which led to the Civil War were the social disputes between the North and the South. The morality of the issue of slavery was one which wasRead MoreCivil War as the Second American Revolution Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War could easily be seen as the second American Revolution considering it brought about significant change in history in the political, social, and economic aspects. Prior to the civil war, there had been a policy of slavery in the South which was a main cause of the conflict between the Union and the Confederacy. In the post-war period, slavery had been abolished which brought about much change in not only the social but economic aspect as well. There are many points from which the CivilRead MoreWhat Were the Causes of the American Civil War? Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesWhat were the causes of the American Civil War? The Civil War happened due to the many differences between the North and the South. For example economic, social, cultural and political differences. These all helped lead America to a Civil War. But to an extent, the most important cause was the fact there were many disagreements with states rights versus federal rights. It was clear that there was always going to be a conflict between the federal government and the state governments becauseRead MoreThe Causes Of The Civil War1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe causes of the Civil War were complex and have been controversial since the country began. Some causes include; states’ rights, economics, and slavery. The most recognizable and popular cause is slavery. The freeing of the slaves was an important moral issue at the time and one of the greatest causes of the civil war. It was only by carefully avoiding the moral issue involved in slavery that Northerners and Southerners could meet on any common ground. (Goldston, 79). The time came in which our

Preparation of Cyclohexanol Free Essays

Introduction: Cyclohexanol is mainly used in the production of caprolactam and adipic acid that is a raw material of nylon 6 (Zhang, et al, 2002). Cyclohexanol can be produce through several methods, which include the oxidation of cyclohexane, the hydration of cyclohexene, or the hydrogenation of phenol (Zhang, et al, 2002). Problem with oxidation of cyclohexene is poor selectivity, extremely large recycles and explosion hazards. We will write a custom essay sample on Preparation of Cyclohexanol or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Suresh, Sridhar, Potter, 1988). The purpose of this experiment was to synthesis cyclohexanol by hydration of cyclohexene using concentrated sulphuric acid as an acidic catalyst. In hydration reaction, C=C B bond is replaced by hydroxyl group (Hornback, 2006). Overall reaction: (McFadden, 2012) In the first step, the mixture of water, concentrated sulphuric acid, and cyclohexene was shaken vigorously until it became a homogenous solution. Followed by, the addition of water, and the distillation process lead to the hydrolysis of the alkene. Finally, addition of diethyl ether to the mixture then distillation took place to be purified and to obtain the final product, cyclohexanol (McFadden, 2012). Diethyl ether was used to extract alcohol from salt-water mixture because diethyl ethers solubility in water is lower than cyclohexanol which helps remove alcohol from the salt-water mixture (Merzougui, A, et al. , 2011). (McFadden, 2012) Cyclohexene is added to water-acid solution, which formed two liquid phases were due to insolubility of cyclohexene in water-acid solution. It is very important that mixture is mixed well to make a homogeneous solution and allow reaction to complete. Cyclohexene was reacted with water and with sulfuric acid to form protonated cyclohexanol and cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate. Protonated cyclohexanol and cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate are soluble in water-acid solution (McFadden, 2012). When this mixture is heated, cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate converts to protonated cyclohexanol which is equilibrium with cyclohexanol (McFadden, 2012). Moreover, distillation technique is used to separate components of a liquid mixture, where liquid is boiled to vaporize and then condensed back into liquid called distillate. Distillate components are collected with a lowest-boiling point to highest-boiling point. In this experiment, distillation is used to separate the organic compound from sulphuric acid solution; azeotrope of cyclohexanol and water is formed as distillate, it also contains some cyclohexene components. Azeotrope has a fix boiling point like a pure compound. Cyclohexanol is considerably soluble in water, so poor yield is expected (McFadden, 2012). Addition of sodium chloride to distillate solution improves the final product yield because it reduces the solubility of organic compound, and extracts cyclohexanol from aqueous phase. It is due to salt’s higher solubility than organic compound. Also, anhydrous potassium carbonate is used to absorb water and to neutralize any trace of acid. During distillation of pure cyclohexanol, most of the product should be collected as temperature reaches 161? C (Weast, 1988). This experiment also introduces determination of the refractive index; it is one of the most convenient methods used to determine purity of liquid. It is a ratio of the sine of the angle formed when light ray is bent when passing from an air medium into a liquid medium; in other words it is a ratios of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the liquid medium. Refrective index (n) = C_vaccume/V_medium (McFadden, 2012). At 20Â °C, the expected refractive index of cyclohexanol is 1. 4641 (Weast, 1988). Procedure: The experiment was done in two parts. Part-A was hydration of the alkene, and Part-B was isolation and purification of the cyclohexanol. To perform hydration of alkene, 7. 0mL of water and then 14mL of concentrated sulphuric acid were added to a 125mL Erlenmeyer flask. After that, flask was placed in ice-bath until it was cold to touch. 16. 4g of cyclohexene was added to weighed 250mL round-bottom flask. In the same round-bottom flask, the chilled water-acid mixture was added. In order to mix the solution, the flask was vigorously shaken for 20 minutes. While shaking, regularly stopper was released to prevent any build-up of vapour pressure. After flask was vented and allowed it to stand without disturbing for about 5 minutes. Because two distinct layers appeared, continued shaking for extra 10 minutes until solution was homogeneous. Next, an additional 120mL of distilled water were added in homogeneous solution with addition of 3 boiling chips. The same round-bottom flask was then set onto a distillation apparatus, and started distillation. Distillate was collected into an 125mL Erlenmeyer flask, and boiling point range of azeotrope was noted. Subsequently, 25g NaCl was dissolved to the distillate, but not all salt was dissolved. After that, flask was covered with parafilm (McFadden, 2012). In the next lab, distillate mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. Distillation receiver flask was washed by 20mL diethyl ether, that diethyl ether was then transferred into the separatory funnel. Mixture was allowed to delayer for 3 minutes. Afterwards, bottom aqueous layer was drained into a aqueous waste beaker; and top ether layer was transferred in an another 50mL Erlenmeyer flask which contained 3g of anhydrous potassium carbonate, swirled and allowed the mixture to stand for 15 minutes. Next, no potassium carbonate but only liquid mixture was transferred to round-bottom flask for the distillation. Diethyl ether and cyclohexene were distilled and collected into a flask until it reached 120Â °C, and later discarded in an organic waste. As temperature reached 120Â °C, a clean, dry and pre-weighed flask was replaced to collect final product, cyclohexanol. As soon as flask was replaced, cold water was turned-off and hot water was turned on. Continued to distil until there was no liquid in the distillation flask, and boiling chips started to change colour. Small amount of residue was kept in distillation flask to prevent it from breaking. Finally, cyclohexanol was weighted and from small sample the refractive index was determined (McFadden, 2012). Result: Amount of cyclohexene used = 16. 40g = 16. 40g of C_6 H_10? 1/(82. 143 g/mol)=0. 9965=0. 1997mol of C_6 H_10 Limiting reagent is: Cyclohexene Bp range of azeotrope mixture: 85-95. 4Â °C Literature bp range of azeotrope mixture: 97. 8Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: D-16 Bp range of diethyl ether: 34. 6-41. 6Â °C Literature bp range of diethyl ether: 34. 51Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: Bp range of cyclohexene: 82. 8-90Â °C Literature bp range of cyclohexene: 82-98Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: C-259 Bp range of pure cyclohexanol: 157-161. 0Â °C Literature bp range of cyclohexanol: 161. 1Â °C; edition: 53rd; page: C-257 Weight of pure cyclohexanol = 7. 1g Percent yield = (actual yield (g))/(theoretical yield (g))? 00%=7. 1g/20. 00g? 100%=35. 5% Theoretical yield= (0. 1997mol of C_6 H_10)/? (1 mol of C_6 H_12 O)/(1 mol of C_6 H_10 )? (100. 158 g)/(1 mol of C_6 H_12 O)=20. 00g Refrective index of pure cyclohexanol: raw 1. 4643 at 21. 2Â °C Corrected 1. 4658 at 20Â °C Correcting refractive index: n_D^20=n_D^21+[0. 00045Â °C^(-1)? (21. 2-20Â °C)] =n_D^21+[0. 00045Â °C^(-1)? (1. 2Â °C) =1. 4643+[0. 00054] =1. 46484=1. 4648 Refractive Percent yield error: ((1. 4648-1. 4641))/1. 4641? 100%=0. 05% Literature refrective index of cyclohexanol: 1. 4641 at 20Â °C Edition of CRC: 53rd; page: C-257 Dis cussion: Before reaching a concrete conclusion, it is very important to interpret the result that was obtained in this experiment. In this experiment, cyclohexene was hydrated to produce cyclohexanol; because the direct hydration of cyclohexene is very slow, concentrated sulphuric acid as an acidic catalyst is used to speed up the reaction (McFadden, 2012). When cyclohexene was reacted with water and concentrated sulphuric acid, dark homogenous solution was formed from colourless heterogeneous mixture. The reaction was cyclohexene ? protonated cyclohexanol + cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate. Both of hese products were soluble in water-acid solution, therefore reaction could go to completion (McFadden, 2012). Moreover, azeotrope of cyclohexanol and water was a positive azeotrope which means boiling point of azeotrope was less than the boiling point of cyclohexanol and water. Moreover, distillation process can prevent side reactions and by removing the products it shifts equilibrium on right hand si de to increase percent yield; however, it is not enough to improve percent yield. Cyclohexanol is soluble in water; so addition of NaCl forces cyclohexanol to leave aqueous phase into organic phase. By reducing its solubility in water, NaCl molecules were holding water molecules. It is due to NaCl’s stronger attraction to water than cyclohexanol; solubility of NaCl in water is 360g/L, and solubility of cyclohexanol in water is 36. 0g/L (Weast, 1988). It is a great way to separate azeotrope into different components. However, enough salt is necessary to make solution saturated to separate all cyclohexanol from aqueous solution; for example, 45. 72g of NaCl is needed to make solution saturated in 127mL of water. Required salt can be calculated by multiplying solubility of salt in water with given volume. In part B, there was cyclohexanol found in the condenser because temperature of water running in the condenser was low compare to melting point of cyclohexanol, which is 24Â °C; so some of the cyclohexanol was stuck on the inner-surface of the condenser. Cold-water was turned off, and hot-water turned on when cyclohexanol was collecting during distillation process to remove the cyclohexanol from the surface of condenser and used in the final product. The result shows that the percent yield is 35. 5%. As expected percent yield is low because the strong acidic conditions and solubility of cyclohexanol in water (Hornback, 2006). Observed reflective index is very close to literature value of reflective index of cyclohexanol, which tells that product is pure but there is still some impurities. The result is also due to inefficient experiment procedures. This experiment required precise measurements of data in order to obtain accurate results. But, there are many possible sources of experimental error when performing this experiment. Firstly, if water-acid solution was not cooled enough to add cyclohexene, then some of the cyclohexene have evaporated. Cyclohexene is a limiting reagent meaning it will affect the overall weight of cyclohexanol by reducing the amount. Secondly, not using properly clean and dried equipments may affect on reactants’ activities, such as a flask, beaker, graduated cylinders. Thirdly, solution was not homogeneous; in other words, failing to mix properly for the reaction to go to completion. It was hard to judge due to very dark colour of the solution. If reaction was not fully reacted means not all cyclohexene were reacted to form protonated cyclohexanol and cyclohexyl hydrogen sulfate. Fourthly, some potassium carbonate may have entered in distillation flask which resulted in reverse reaction causing to lose more cyclohexanol. Fifthly, a small amount of product might be lost when transferring from one container to another. Sixthly, some cyclohexanol was left in round-bottom flask in order to prevent the round-bottom flask from breaking due to over-drying or over-heating. There are a few methods that would improve the accuracy of the experiments, if considered and followed with care. While recording the volume from the graduated cylinder the goal is to look for at the curve on the top of a standing body of liquid. Before experiment takes place make sure to clean all equipments that are going to be used throughout experiment to avoid any beside reactions in the experiment that may affect the final result. When transferring from one flask to other, sometimes filter paper would be a better solution to prevent unwanted product from entering into a reaction flask, and to prevent any reverse reaction to occur, such as potassium carbonate. Conclusion: In this paper, distillation process for the indirect hydration of cyclohexene to cyclohexanol using sulphuric acid as an acidic catalyst is demonstrated. In the hydration process, double bond of cyclohexene is replaced by the hydroxyl group to form alcohol. Obtain reflective index of cyclohexanol is 1. 4648, and the literature value of reflective index of cyclohexanol is 1. 4641at 20Â °C; which shows that final product was very pure. The result also showed that the percent yield is only 35. 5%, it is due to the strongly acidic conditions and solubility of cyclohexanol. How to cite Preparation of Cyclohexanol, Papers

Rebecca Analysis Essays - Gothic Novels, Rebecca, Manderley

Rebecca Analysis Rebecca is a bittersweet novel. Some aspects of the story are exceptional and well written, while others are not. It contains powerful characterization and strong foreshadowing but too much imagery. First, Rebecca contains awesome characterization. At the beginning of the story, the reader may be lost and become bored with the plot, because little is known about the characters until much later in the story. Once the author, Daphne du Maurier, unfolds the characters secrets and lives, however, the story is compelling and thought-provoking. At some points, especially towards the end of the story, it seems as though the reader personally knows the characters and can relate with exactly what they are thinking and feeling. The reader can understand the narrators pain concerning Maxim and Rebecca, and how she feels that she is always being compared to Rebecca and will never be good enough for Maxim. One can also comprehend Maxims actions and ways after he explains his past life with Rebecca, which helps to make the plot more engaging and draws the reader into the world of Manderley. All the characters are continuously developed through-out the novel and their pasts are learned, except for the narrator, whos past is never learned; probably because Ms. du Maurier thought it was irrelevant to the plot and did not want to develop the narrators past excessively. Secondly, Rebecca has strong foreshadowing. On page four, Ms. du Maurier writes, For Manderley was ours no longer. Manderley was no more. This is the strongest and most obvious foreshadowing in the story. The reader automatically knows that something tragic happens to Manderley and its inhabitants. In the rest of the story, however, she uses many almost unnoticeable accounts of foreshadowing, which hint to the reader that something is going to happen. She hints to Rebeccas dress at the fancy dress ball, when Mrs. de Winter is with the bishops wife and she comments on how beautiful Rebecca was in her lovely white dress. When the narrator and Maxim are walking and Jasper goes off towards the cove, Maxim becomes upset and Mrs. De Winter wonders why. Later in the story the reason for Maxims dislike is revealed. Another example is before the fancy dress ball. The narrator tells Frank and Maxim that when they see her in her costume they will both get the shock of (their) lives. When they s ee her in her costume, it completely shocks them. This foreshadowing is subtle and flows natural throughout the story. On the other hand, Ms. du Maurier uses countless examples of imagery in Rebecca. The imagery is practically endless. The reader can completely visualize the scenery, down to the leaves on the trees, but it is meaningless. In the first chapter, she uses three pages to describe the outside of Manderley and the driveway that leads to it. Ms. du Maurier completely describes Rebeccas bedroom, yet the reader may still have a difficult time visualizing the room because there are too many details and it leaves nothing up to the readers imagination. Only some of this information is important to the story line; the rest is merely nonsense and leaves the reader confused and bored. The reader truly does not need to know exactly how the rooms inside Manderley look, or how the road and the scenery looked to the narrator when she and Maxim were driving in Monte Carlo, or exactly how the gardens look at Manderley. These details are completely irrelevant to the story line and they just cause the read er to become distracted from the plot. This can also cause the reader to lose interest in completing the novel, which is something Ms. du Maurier did not want to happen. In conclusion, Rebecca is a typical, romantic suspense novel. It contains strengths and weaknesses. Some of these include wonderful characterization and excellent foreshadowing but an excessive amount of imagery. English Essays